%PDF-1.6
%
1 0 obj
<>
endobj
2 0 obj
<>stream
Christoph Ratzke, Jeff Gore
Modifying and reacting to the environmental pH can drive bacterial interactions
www.ploscompbiol.org
www.ploscompbiol.org
endstream
endobj
3 0 obj
<>/XObject<>>>/CropBox[0 0 612 792]/MediaBox[0 0 612 792]/Parent 12 0 R/Annots 13 0 R/Contents 14 0 R/TrimBox[0 0 612 792]>>
endobj
13 0 obj
[15 0 R 16 0 R 17 0 R 18 0 R 19 0 R 20 0 R 21 0 R 22 0 R 23 0 R 24 0 R 25 0 R 26 0 R 27 0 R 28 0 R 29 0 R 30 0 R 31 0 R 32 0 R 33 0 R 34 0 R 35 0 R 36 0 R 37 0 R 38 0 R 39 0 R 40 0 R 41 0 R 42 0 R 43 0 R 44 0 R 45 0 R 46 0 R 47 0 R]
endobj
15 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpbio.2004248.ref001)>>
endobj
16 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpbio.2004248.ref002)>>
endobj
17 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpbio.2004248.ref008)>>
endobj
18 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpbio.2004248.ref009)>>
endobj
19 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpbio.2004248.ref017)>>
endobj
20 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpbio.2004248.ref018)>>
endobj
21 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpbio.2004248.ref021)>>
endobj
22 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpbio.2004248.ref013)>>
endobj
23 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpbio.2004248.ref022)>>
endobj
24 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpbio.2004248.ref024)>>
endobj
25 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpbio.2004248.ref025)>>
endobj
26 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpbio.2004248.ref029)>>
endobj
27 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpbio.2004248.ref030)>>
endobj
28 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpbio.2004248.s001)>>
endobj
29 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpbio.2004248.g001)>>
endobj
30 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpbio.2004248.ref031)>>
endobj
31 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpbio.2004248.ref032)>>
endobj
32 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpbio.2004248.ref033)>>
endobj
33 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpbio.2004248.ref034)>>
endobj
34 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpbio.2004248.s002)>>
endobj
35 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpbio.2004248.ref025)>>
endobj
36 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpbio.2004248.ref027)>>
endobj
37 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpbio.2004248.ref035)>>
endobj
38 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpbio.2004248.ref036)>>
endobj
39 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpbio.2004248.g001)>>
endobj
40 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpbio.2004248.g001)>>
endobj
41 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpbio.2004248.g001)>>
endobj
42 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rsec004)>>
endobj
43 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpbio.2004248.s002)>>
endobj
44 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpbio.2004248.s003)>>
endobj
45 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpbio.2004248.ref037)>>
endobj
46 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpbio.2004248.ref038)>>
endobj
47 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/A 48 0 R>>
endobj
48 0 obj
<>
endobj
14 0 obj
[49 0 R 50 0 R 51 0 R 52 0 R 53 0 R 54 0 R 55 0 R 56 0 R 57 0 R 58 0 R 59 0 R 60 0 R 61 0 R 62 0 R 63 0 R 64 0 R 65 0 R 66 0 R 67 0 R 68 0 R 69 0 R 70 0 R 71 0 R 72 0 R 73 0 R 74 0 R 75 0 R 76 0 R 77 0 R 78 0 R]
endobj
49 0 obj
<>stream
q
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
258.2362 674.6457 m
262.9984 674.6457 l
h
f*
395.5465 661.6063 m
400.3087 661.6063 l
h
f*
405.4677 661.6063 m
410.2299 661.6063 l
h
f*
489.4866 622.6016 m
494.2488 622.6016 l
h
f*
499.4079 622.6016 m
508.9323 622.6016 l
h
f*
287.8299 609.6189 m
297.3543 609.6189 l
h
f*
302.5701 609.6189 m
312.0378 609.6189 l
h
f*
423.7795 609.6189 m
433.2472 609.6189 l
h
f*
435.515 609.6189 m
445.0394 609.6189 l
h
f*
450.1984 609.6189 m
459.7228 609.6189 l
h
f*
543.8551 492.6047 m
553.3795 492.6047 l
h
f*
558.5386 492.6047 m
568.063 492.6047 l
h
f*
326.2677 479.622 m
335.7921 479.622 l
h
f*
452.0126 263.9055 m
476.3339 263.9055 l
h
f*
485.348 263.9055 m
509.2724 263.9055 l
h
f*
437.8394 250.9228 m
447.3638 250.9228 l
h
f*
485.8583 250.9228 m
495.3827 250.9228 l
h
f*
431.9433 224.9008 m
441.411 224.9008 l
h
f*
443.6787 224.9008 m
453.2031 224.9008 l
h
f*
374.2866 211.9181 m
398.6079 211.9181 l
h
f*
429.4488 198.9354 m
438.9732 198.9354 l
h
f*
441.1843 198.9354 m
450.7087 198.9354 l
h
f*
452.9764 198.9354 m
462.5008 198.9354 l
h
f*
464.7685 198.9354 m
474.2362 198.9354 l
h
f*
272.5228 172.9134 m
297.1276 172.9134 l
h
f*
406.3748 146.948 m
430.1858 146.948 l
h
f*
277.7386 133.9087 m
345.2598 133.9087 l
h
f*
349.6819 133.9087 m
441.0709 133.9087 l
h
f*
460.5165 133.9087 m
470.0409 133.9087 l
h
f*
489.4866 133.9087 m
499.011 133.9087 l
h
f*
382.5638 107.9433 m
392.0315 107.9433 l
h
f*
509.7827 94.9039 m
519.3071 94.9039 l
h
f*
0 g
1 j
1 J
0 w
11.9999 0 0 11.9999 200.0125 705.7133 cm
BT
/F2 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.0033 Tc
0 0 Td
(Introduction)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
10 0 0 10 200.0125 688.7055 cm
BT
/F5 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.004 Tc
0 0 Td
(Microbes)Tj
3.9741 0 Td
(thrive)Tj
2.5625 0 Td
(essentially)Tj
4.2803 0 Td
(everywhere)Tj
4.7792 0 Td
(on)Tj
1.2756 0 Td
(this)Tj
1.6724 0 Td
(planet,)Tj
2.914 0 Td
(usually)Tj
3.0217 0 Td
(as)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(part)Tj
1.8368 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(complex)Tj
3.6227 0 Td
(multispecies)Tj
-31.9689 -1.2982 Td
(communities)Tj
5.4821 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(1)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
1.5988 0 Td
(The)Tj
1.7858 0 Td
(interactions)Tj
4.9662 0 Td
(between)Tj
3.5263 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.474 0 Td
(microbes)Tj
3.9005 0 Td
(influence)Tj
3.9118 0 Td
(their)Tj
2.1089 0 Td
(growth)Tj
3.0728 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7347 0 Td
(survival)Tj
-33.5619 -1.3039 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(thus)Tj
1.9332 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(composition)Tj
5.2441 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(those)Tj
2.3414 0 Td
(communities)Tj
5.4822 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(2)Tj
0 g
()Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(8)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
2.5908 0 Td
(Although)Tj
4.0082 0 Td
(microbial)Tj
4.0592 0 Td
(interactions)Tj
4.9719 0 Td
(are)Tj
1.4457 0 Td
(of)Tj
-36.2889 -1.2983 Td
(clear)Tj
2.1146 0 Td
(importance,)Tj
5.057 0 Td
(only)Tj
1.9785 0 Td
(limited)Tj
3.0671 0 Td
(insights)Tj
3.3165 0 Td
(exist.)Tj
2.262 0 Td
(They)Tj
2.2394 0 Td
(are)Tj
1.4457 0 Td
(often)Tj
2.2847 0 Td
(obtained)Tj
3.736 0 Td
(from)Tj
2.2053 0 Td
(microbial)Tj
4.0592 0 Td
(systems)Tj
-33.766 -1.2983 Td
(in)Tj
1.0318 0 Td
(which)Tj
2.6532 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.6519 0 Td
(specific)Tj
3.1918 0 Td
(molecular)Tj
4.2179 0 Td
(mechanism)Tj
4.8473 0 Td
(causes)Tj
2.7496 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.6519 0 Td
(specific)Tj
3.1918 0 Td
(interaction,)Tj
4.8359 0 Td
(like)Tj
1.6497 0 Td
(mutualism)Tj
4.5241 0 Td
(caused)Tj
-34.1969 -1.3039 Td
(by)Tj
1.1792 0 Td
(crossfeeding)Tj
5.1873 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(amino)Tj
2.795 0 Td
(acids,)Tj
2.4604 0 Td
(organic)Tj
3.2372 0 Td
(acids,)Tj
2.4604 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(unknown)Tj
4.0819 0 Td
(substances)Tj
4.4617 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(9)Tj
0 g
()Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(17)Tj
0 g
(];)Tj
3.0728 0 Td
(crossprotec-)Tj
-31.6798 -1.2982 Td
(tion)Tj
1.8425 0 Td
(from)Tj
2.2053 0 Td
(antibiotics)Tj
4.3937 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(18)Tj
0 g
()Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(21)Tj
0 g
(];)Tj
3.5489 0 Td
(or)Tj
1.0999 0 Td
(competition)Tj
5.0966 0 Td
(by)Tj
1.1792 0 Td
(toxins)Tj
2.6702 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(13)Tj
0 g
(,)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(22)Tj
0 g
()Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(24)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
-20.8401 -1.2983 Td
(Can)Tj
1.8708 0 Td
(we)Tj
1.3266 0 Td
(develop)Tj
3.3165 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.6577 0 Td
(more)Tj
2.3414 0 Td
(general)Tj
3.1294 0 Td
(understanding)Tj
6.0718 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(microbial)Tj
4.0592 0 Td
(interactions?)Tj
5.3404 0 Td
(Despite)Tj
3.2485 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(large)Tj
-35.0416 -1.3039 Td
(number)Tj
3.4128 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(possible)Tj
3.4073 0 Td
(types)Tj
2.2733 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(interactions,)Tj
5.1874 0 Td
(they)Tj
1.9275 0 Td
(all)Tj
1.1396 0 Td
(have)Tj
2.0636 0 Td
(certain)Tj
2.982 0 Td
(points)Tj
2.7156 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(common)Tj
3.8437 0 Td
(because)Tj
3.3165 0 Td
(inter-)Tj
-35.3364 -1.2983 Td
(actions)Tj
3.0557 0 Td
(are,)Tj
1.6781 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0318 0 Td
(general,)Tj
3.3619 0 Td
(mediated)Tj
3.9401 0 Td
(through)Tj
3.4469 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(environment.)Tj
5.6579 0 Td
(First,)Tj
2.2677 0 Td
(microbes)Tj
3.9005 0 Td
(change)Tj
3.0444 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(envi-)Tj
-34.3216 -1.2983 Td
(ronment)Tj
3.736 0 Td
(by)Tj
1.1792 0 Td
(consuming)Tj
4.6885 0 Td
(resources)Tj
3.9911 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(excreting)Tj
3.9062 0 Td
(metabolites.)Tj
5.0343 0 Td
(Second,)Tj
3.3505 0 Td
(these)Tj
2.2507 0 Td
(changes)Tj
3.4072 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(the)Tj
-34.2989 -1.2982 Td
(environment)Tj
5.4311 0 Td
(influence)Tj
3.9175 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(growth)Tj
3.0727 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(survival)Tj
3.3392 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(both)Tj
2.058 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(microbe)Tj
3.5433 0 Td
(that)Tj
1.7745 0 Td
(originally)Tj
4.0308 0 Td
(altered)Tj
2.9424 0 Td
(the)Tj
-35.79 -1.3039 Td
(environment)Tj
5.4311 0 Td
(as)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(well)Tj
1.8198 0 Td
(as)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(other)Tj
2.3471 0 Td
(microbial)Tj
4.0648 0 Td
(species)Tj
2.9934 0 Td
(that)Tj
1.7802 0 Td
(are)Tj
1.4456 0 Td
(present.)Tj
3.3902 0 Td
(Therefore,)Tj
4.3937 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(interaction)Tj
-31.1638 -1.2983 Td
(between)Tj
3.5262 0 Td
(microbes)Tj
3.9005 0 Td
(may)Tj
1.9275 0 Td
(be)Tj
1.1509 0 Td
(set)Tj
1.3039 0 Td
(by)Tj
1.1792 0 Td
(how)Tj
1.9389 0 Td
(their)Tj
2.109 0 Td
(metabolisms)Tj
5.2667 0 Td
(change)Tj
3.0387 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.474 0 Td
(environment)Tj
5.4312 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(react)Tj
2.1713 0 Td
(to)Tj
-36.1471 -1.2983 Td
(those)Tj
2.3357 0 Td
(changes.)Tj
3.6283 0 Td
(A)Tj
0.9071 0 Td
(very)Tj
1.9219 0 Td
(important)Tj
4.2803 0 Td
(parameter)Tj
4.3143 0 Td
(for)Tj
1.3889 0 Td
(microbes)Tj
3.8948 0 Td
(is)Tj
0.8504 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(pH,)Tj
1.7292 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7347 0 Td
(different)Tj
3.6567 0 Td
(species)Tj
2.9934 0 Td
(prefer)Tj
-35.104 -1.3039 Td
(different)Tj
3.6566 0 Td
(pH)Tj
1.5024 0 Td
(values.)Tj
2.8913 0 Td
(Therefore,)Tj
4.3937 0 Td
(pH)Tj
1.508 0 Td
(strongly)Tj
3.4696 0 Td
(influences)Tj
4.2803 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(species)Tj
2.9934 0 Td
(composition)Tj
5.244 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(soil)Tj
1.5987 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(25)Tj
0 g
()Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(29)Tj
0 g
(])Tj
-34.0438 -1.2982 Td
(or)Tj
1.0941 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.474 0 Td
(human)Tj
3.0784 0 Td
(gut)Tj
1.5081 0 Td
(microbiome)Tj
5.1363 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(30)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
2.0749 0 Td
(On)Tj
1.5137 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(other)Tj
2.347 0 Td
(hand,)Tj
2.4888 0 Td
(many)Tj
2.4718 0 Td
(biochemical)Tj
5.0684 0 Td
(reactions)Tj
3.8551 0 Td
(involve)Tj
3.1237 0 Td
(a)Tj
-36.7027 -1.2983 Td
(turnover)Tj
3.719 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(protons,)Tj
3.5603 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(therefore)Tj
3.8551 0 Td
(microbes)Tj
3.9004 0 Td
(also)Tj
1.7632 0 Td
(alter)Tj
1.9956 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(pH)Tj
1.508 0 Td
(around)Tj
3.1351 0 Td
(them.)Tj
2.5115 0 Td
(We)Tj
1.6101 0 Td
(chose)Tj
2.4661 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(pH)Tj
-35.7049 -1.3039 Td
(as)Tj
1.0147 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.652 0 Td
(model)Tj
2.7439 0 Td
(environmental)Tj
6.1115 0 Td
(parameterbecause)Tj
8.3395 0 Td
(it)Tj
0.7823 0 Td
(can)Tj
1.6271 0 Td
(be)Tj
1.1509 0 Td
(easily)Tj
2.4037 0 Td
(measured,)Tj
4.337 0 Td
(manipulated,)Tj
5.4878 0 Td
(and)Tj
-34.6504 -1.2983 Td
(buffered)Tj
3.5773 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(is,)Tj
1.0715 0 Td
(moreover,)Tj
4.3256 0 Td
(important)Tj
4.2803 0 Td
(for)Tj
1.389 0 Td
(all)Tj
1.1451 0 Td
(microbesand)Tj
6.3326 0 Td
(show)Tj
2.3017 0 Td
(here)Tj
1.9616 0 Td
(that)Tj
1.7801 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(way)Tj
1.7971 0 Td
(microbes)Tj
-33.1594 -1.2983 Td
(modify)Tj
3.084 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(pH)Tj
1.5023 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(their)Tj
2.109 0 Td
(environment)Tj
5.4311 0 Td
(feeds)Tj
2.245 0 Td
(back)Tj
2.0807 0 Td
(on)Tj
1.2755 0 Td
(them)Tj
2.2904 0 Td
(but)Tj
1.5534 0 Td
(also)Tj
1.7688 0 Td
(influences)Tj
4.2746 0 Td
(other)Tj
2.3471 0 Td
(microbes.)Tj
-32.4451 -1.3039 Td
(This)Tj
1.9842 0 Td
(determines)Tj
4.6885 0 Td
(their)Tj
2.1033 0 Td
(growth)Tj
3.0784 0 Td
(behavior)Tj
3.7077 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7347 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(interactions)Tj
4.9663 0 Td
(between)Tj
3.5262 0 Td
(different)Tj
3.6567 0 Td
(bacterial)Tj
3.6283 0 Td
(species)Tj
-34.5427 -1.2982 Td
(based)Tj
2.4717 0 Td
(upon)Tj
2.3188 0 Td
(how)Tj
1.9389 0 Td
(each)Tj
2.0295 0 Td
(species)Tj
2.9991 0 Td
(interacts)Tj
3.6453 0 Td
(with)Tj
1.9956 0 Td
(pH)Tj
1.508 0 Td
(changes)Tj
3.4016 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0374 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(environment.)Tj
-23.6181 -1.2983 Td
(We)Tj
1.61 0 Td
(show)Tj
2.3017 0 Td
(here,)Tj
2.1884 0 Td
(with)Tj
2.0012 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(pH)Tj
1.5023 0 Td
(as)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.6576 0 Td
(model)Tj
2.744 0 Td
(parameter,)Tj
4.5354 0 Td
(that)Tj
1.7801 0 Td
(knowing)Tj
3.7361 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(preferred)Tj
3.9401 0 Td
(environmen-)Tj
-32.1446 -1.2983 Td
(tal)Tj
1.1962 0 Td
(conditions)Tj
4.4787 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(bacteria)Tj
3.3788 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7292 0 Td
(how)Tj
1.9389 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(bacteria)Tj
3.3789 0 Td
(manipulate)Tj
4.7338 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.474 0 Td
(environment)Tj
5.4312 0 Td
(sets)Tj
1.661 0 Td
(their)Tj
2.109 0 Td
(interac-)Tj
-33.9928 -1.3039 Td
(tions)Tj
2.1996 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(allows)Tj
2.6986 0 Td
(us)Tj
1.1112 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(predict)Tj
3.0501 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(interactions)Tj
4.9663 0 Td
(between)Tj
3.5263 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.474 0 Td
(microbes)Tj
3.9004 0 Td
(based)Tj
2.4718 0 Td
(on)Tj
1.2756 0 Td
(their)Tj
2.109 0 Td
(metabolic)Tj
-33.0064 -1.2983 Td
(properties.)Tj
4.5013 0 Td
(This)Tj
1.9899 0 Td
(approach)Tj
3.9515 0 Td
(may)Tj
1.9276 0 Td
(deliver)Tj
2.931 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.6576 0 Td
(framework)Tj
4.6148 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(understand)Tj
4.7849 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(predict)Tj
3.05 0 Td
(microbial)Tj
4.0649 0 Td
(inter-)Tj
-35.2287 -1.2982 Td
(actions)Tj
3.0557 0 Td
(independent)Tj
5.2781 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(underlying)Tj
4.6034 0 Td
(molecular)Tj
4.218 0 Td
(mechanism.)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
11.9999 0 0 11.9999 200.0125 308.0125 cm
BT
/F2 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.0033 Tc
0 0 Td
(Results)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
10 0 0 10 200.0125 291.0047 cm
BT
/F5 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.004 Tc
0 0 Td
(Growing)Tj
3.7757 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.6576 0 Td
(collection)Tj
4.1102 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(soil)Tj
1.5987 0 Td
(microbes)Tj
3.9005 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.6519 0 Td
(medium)Tj
3.6057 0 Td
(that)Tj
1.7801 0 Td
(contains)Tj
3.6057 0 Td
(1%)Tj
1.4513 0 Td
(glucose)Tj
3.1748 0 Td
(as)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.474 0 Td
(main)Tj
2.2847 0 Td
(car-)Tj
-35.138 -1.2982 Td
(bon)Tj
1.7801 0 Td
(source)Tj
2.8346 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(0.8%)Tj
2.1544 0 Td
(urea)Tj
1.9785 0 Td
(as)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(main)Tj
2.2903 0 Td
(nitrogen)Tj
3.651 0 Td
(source)Tj
2.829 0 Td
(leads)Tj
2.2167 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.652 0 Td
(change)Tj
3.0444 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(initial)Tj
2.5455 0 Td
(pH)Tj
1.508 0 Td
(for)Tj
-35.206 -1.3039 Td
(nearly)Tj
2.6985 0 Td
(all)Tj
1.1452 0 Td
(tested)Tj
2.5512 0 Td
(bacteria)Tj
3.3788 0 Td
(\()Tj
/F9 1 Tf
[()]TJ
/F5 1 Tf
1.0885 0 Td
(=)Tj
0.7994 0 Td
(119;)Tj
1.8709 0 Td
(for)Tj
1.3889 0 Td
(phylogenetic)Tj
5.3235 0 Td
(identity,)Tj
3.5319 0 Td
(see)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
1.423 0 Td
(S1)Tj
1.1735 0 Td
(Fig)Tj
0 g
(\))Tj
1.8199 0 Td
(\()Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(Fig)Tj
1.8198 0 Td
(1a)Tj
0 g
(\).)Tj
1.6951 0 Td
(One)Tj
1.9389 0 Td
(percent)Tj
-33.647 -1.2983 Td
(glucose)Tj
3.1747 0 Td
(lies)Tj
1.5137 0 Td
(within)Tj
2.8176 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(range)Tj
2.4604 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(carbohydrates)Tj
5.862 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(soil)Tj
1.5987 0 Td
(\(0.1%)Tj
2.4945 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(31)Tj
0 g
(])Tj
1.8539 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0204 0 Td
(10%)Tj
1.9333 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(32)Tj
0 g
(]\),)Tj
2.4151 0 Td
(although)Tj
3.753 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(car-)Tj
-35.8863 -1.2983 Td
(bohydrates)Tj
4.6317 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(soil)Tj
1.5987 0 Td
(are)Tj
1.4457 0 Td
(often)Tj
2.2904 0 Td
(more)Tj
2.3414 0 Td
(complex.)Tj
3.8437 0 Td
(Also,)Tj
2.2451 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(bacterial)Tj
3.6283 0 Td
(densities)Tj
3.6964 0 Td
(that)Tj
1.7801 0 Td
(are)Tj
1.4457 0 Td
(reached)Tj
3.3505 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(the)Tj
-35.841 -1.3039 Td
(experiments)Tj
5.1363 0 Td
(lie)Tj
1.1565 0 Td
(within)Tj
2.812 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.474 0 Td
(range)Tj
2.4604 0 Td
(that)Tj
1.7802 0 Td
(can)Tj
1.6271 0 Td
(be)Tj
1.1508 0 Td
(found)Tj
2.6135 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(soil)Tj
1.6044 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(33)Tj
0 g
(,)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(34)Tj
0 g
(],)Tj
3.2485 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7348 0 Td
(soil)Tj
1.5987 0 Td
(has)Tj
1.5421 0 Td
(even)Tj
2.0692 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.6577 0 Td
(slightly)Tj
-33.7037 -1.2982 Td
(lower)Tj
2.4491 0 Td
(buffering)Tj
3.9061 0 Td
(capacity)Tj
3.4752 0 Td
(than)Tj
2.0296 0 Td
(our)Tj
1.6214 0 Td
(medium)Tj
3.6057 0 Td
(\()Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(S2)Tj
1.5137 0 Td
(Fig)Tj
0 g
(\).)Tj
2.0466 0 Td
(Microbial)Tj
4.1329 0 Td
(growth)Tj
3.0727 0 Td
(modulates)Tj
4.3653 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.474 0 Td
(pH,)Tj
1.7292 0 Td
(but)Tj
-35.4215 -1.2983 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(pH)Tj
1.5023 0 Td
(is)Tj
0.8504 0 Td
(also)Tj
1.7688 0 Td
(known)Tj
3.0047 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0262 0 Td
(strongly)Tj
3.4696 0 Td
(affect)Tj
2.3754 0 Td
(microbial)Tj
4.0648 0 Td
(growth)Tj
3.0728 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(25)Tj
0 g
(,)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(27)Tj
0 g
(,)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(35)Tj
0 g
(,)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(36)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
5.6069 0 Td
(In)Tj
1.1055 0 Td
(this)Tj
1.6781 0 Td
(way,)Tj
2.0182 0 Td
(microbes)Tj
-33.012 -1.3039 Td
(feed)Tj
1.8821 0 Td
(back)Tj
2.0807 0 Td
(on)Tj
1.2755 0 Td
(their)Tj
2.109 0 Td
(own)Tj
1.9559 0 Td
(growth)Tj
3.0784 0 Td
(but)Tj
1.5477 0 Td
(also)Tj
1.7688 0 Td
(influence)Tj
3.9175 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(growth)Tj
3.0784 0 Td
(conditions)Tj
4.4731 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(other)Tj
2.347 0 Td
(species)Tj
2.9991 0 Td
(that)Tj
-34.9963 -1.2983 Td
(might)Tj
2.5965 0 Td
(be)Tj
1.1508 0 Td
(present)Tj
3.1635 0 Td
(\()Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(Fig)Tj
1.8198 0 Td
(1b)Tj
0 g
(\).)Tj
-7.5344 -1.2983 Td
(Microbes)Tj
3.9741 0 Td
(can)Tj
1.6271 0 Td
(lower)Tj
2.4548 0 Td
(or)Tj
1.0941 0 Td
(increase)Tj
3.4753 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(pH,)Tj
1.7292 0 Td
(which)Tj
2.6532 0 Td
(may)Tj
1.9275 0 Td
(be)Tj
1.1509 0 Td
(beneficial)Tj
4.0478 0 Td
(or)Tj
1.0999 0 Td
(deleterious)Tj
4.5921 0 Td
(for)Tj
1.3889 0 Td
(their)Tj
-33.8794 -1.2982 Td
(own)Tj
1.9558 0 Td
(growth.)Tj
3.2995 0 Td
(This)Tj
1.99 0 Td
(leads)Tj
2.211 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(4)Tj
0.6973 0 Td
(possible)Tj
3.4072 0 Td
(combinations)Tj
5.709 0 Td
(\()Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(Fig)Tj
1.8198 0 Td
(1e)Tj
0 g
(\),)Tj
1.6838 0 Td
(for)Tj
1.389 0 Td
(which)Tj
2.6475 0 Td
(we)Tj
1.3266 0 Td
(identified)Tj
4.0592 0 Td
(an)Tj
1.2019 0 Td
(exam-)Tj
-34.4237 -1.3039 Td
(ple)Tj
1.4003 0 Td
(species)Tj
2.999 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0091 0 Td
(each)Tj
2.0239 0 Td
(\()Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(Fig)Tj
1.8199 0 Td
(1b,)Tj
1.423 0 Td
(1c)Tj
1.1168 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(1d)Tj
0 g
(;)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
1.4457 0 Td
(Materials)Tj
3.9458 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(methods)Tj
0 g
3.6794 0 Td
(and)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
1.7291 0 Td
(S2)Tj
0 g
1.1678 0 Td
(and)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
1.7292 0 Td
(S3)Tj
0 g
1.1678 0 Td
(Figs\).)Tj
/F9 1 Tf
2.4038 0 Td
[()-3()6()-4()11()13()4()6()1()4( )4( )12(\n)-4()]TJ
-32.5188 -1.2983 Td
[()10( )4()16()22()11()16(\r)-9(\n)12()]TJ
/F5 1 Tf
4.3936 0 Td
(is)Tj
0.8504 0 Td
(an)Tj
1.2019 0 Td
(anaerobic)Tj
4.1329 0 Td
(bacterium)Tj
4.2973 0 Td
(that)Tj
1.7745 0 Td
(produces)Tj
3.8777 0 Td
(lactic)Tj
2.3131 0 Td
(acid)Tj
1.8765 0 Td
(as)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(metabolic)Tj
4.1442 0 Td
(product)Tj
3.3902 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7348 0 Td
(thus)Tj
-35.0019 -1.2983 Td
(lowers)Tj
2.8119 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(pH)Tj
1.5081 0 Td
(but)Tj
1.5533 0 Td
(also)Tj
1.7632 0 Td
(prefers)Tj
2.9763 0 Td
(low)Tj
1.6611 0 Td
(pH)Tj
1.5024 0 Td
(values)Tj
2.6702 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(37)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
/F9 1 Tf
2.0749 0 Td
[()-2()11(\r)-20()-13()6()20()4()6()-4()11()2(\r)-9()12(\n)12()]TJ
6.9789 0 Td
[()16()18()6()11()18()4()15()2()2()6()8()]TJ
/F5 1 Tf
6.0604 0 Td
(produces)Tj
-33.029 -1.3039 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(enzyme)Tj
3.3052 0 Td
(urease)Tj
2.7609 0 Td
(that)Tj
1.7745 0 Td
(cleaves)Tj
2.9877 0 Td
(urea)Tj
1.9785 0 Td
(into)Tj
1.8369 0 Td
(ammonia)Tj
4.0535 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(thus)Tj
1.9332 0 Td
(increases)Tj
3.8324 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4741 0 Td
(pH)Tj
1.5023 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(38)Tj
0 g
(];)Tj
2.075 0 Td
(at)Tj
0.9524 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.474 0 Td
(same)Tj
-35.138 -1.2982 Td
(time,)Tj
2.2506 0 Td
(it)Tj
0.7881 0 Td
(prefers)Tj
2.9763 0 Td
(higher)Tj
2.8006 0 Td
(pH)Tj
1.5081 0 Td
(values.)Tj
/F9 1 Tf
2.8913 0 Td
[()18()-3()2(\n)4()4()11()6()11()6()]TJ
5.5672 0 Td
[()3()2(\r)20()11()18()12()]TJ
/F5 1 Tf
2.931 0 Td
(also)Tj
1.7688 0 Td
(increases)Tj
3.8324 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.474 0 Td
(pH)Tj
1.5024 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(medium)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
576 737.1 m
36 737.1 l
36 737.6 l
576 737.6 l
f*
36 741.2598 129.8268 23.6976 re
W* n
q
129.7701 0 0 23.6409 36 741.3165 cm
q
/I0 Do
Q
Q
Q
q
0 0 612 792 re
W* n
1 j
1 J
0 w
7.9999 0 0 7.9999 414.7653 745.7952 cm
BT
/F0 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.005 Tc
0 0 Td
(Bacteri)Tj
3.0543 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.7654 0 Td
(can)Tj
1.8071 0 Td
(interact)Tj
3.437 0 Td
(through)Tj
3.5504 0 Td
(their)Tj
2.126 0 Td
(environme)Tj
4.5851 0 Td
(nt)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
36 48.0002 m
576 48.0002 l
576 47.5002 l
36 47.5002 l
f*
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
90.1417 34.9228 m
243.8362 34.9228 l
h
f*
0 g
7.9999 0 0 7.9999 36 36 cm
BT
/F0 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.005 Tc
0 0 Td
(PLOS)Tj
2.8559 0 Td
(Biology)Tj
3.437 0 Td
(|)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
0.4748 0 Td
(https://doi.or)Tj
5.4142 0 Td
(g/10.137)Tj
3.8198 0 Td
(1/journal.pb)Tj
5.1236 0 Td
(io.2004248)Tj
0 g
5.8536 0 Td
(March)Tj
2.9551 0 Td
(14,)Tj
1.5875 0 Td
(2018)Tj
33.6191 0 Td
(2)Tj
0.7654 0 Td
(/)Tj
0.496 0 Td
(20)Tj
/F7 1 Tf
-0.025 Tc
-66.402 84.0904 Td
(Competing)Tj
4.3795 0 Td
(interests)Tj
3.3307 0 Td
(:)Tj
/F8 1 Tf
0.4819 0 Td
(The)Tj
1.5875 0 Td
(authors)Tj
3.0401 0 Td
(have)Tj
1.963 0 Td
(declared)Tj
-14.7827 -1.3748 Td
(that)Tj
1.6228 0 Td
(no)Tj
1.1693 0 Td
(competing)Tj
4.1599 0 Td
(interests)Tj
3.3874 0 Td
(exist.)Tj
/F7 1 Tf
-10.3394 -2.126 Td
(Abbreviati)Tj
3.9118 0 Td
(ons:)Tj
/F8 1 Tf
1.8425 0 Td
(CFU,)Tj
1.9843 0 Td
(colony-fo)Tj
3.4866 0 Td
(rming)Tj
2.4237 0 Td
(unit;)Tj
1.8425 0 Td
(OD,)Tj
-15.4914 -1.3749 Td
(optical)Tj
2.6504 0 Td
(density;)Tj
3.1039 0 Td
(PBS,)Tj
2.0197 0 Td
(phosphate-buf)Tj
5.4001 0 Td
(fered)Tj
ET
endstream
endobj
50 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
51 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
52 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
53 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
54 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
55 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
56 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
57 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
58 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
59 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
60 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
61 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
62 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
63 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
64 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
65 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
66 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
67 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
68 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
69 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
70 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
71 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
72 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
73 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
74 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
75 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
76 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
77 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
78 0 obj
<>stream
BT
15.2717 79.2147 Td
(saline.)Tj
ET
Q
endstream
endobj
79 0 obj
<>/XObject<>>>/CropBox[0 0 612 792]/MediaBox[0 0 612 792]/Parent 12 0 R/Annots 82 0 R/Contents 83 0 R/TrimBox[0 0 612 792]>>
endobj
81 0 obj
<>stream
xxUۆgC{Q|`Â A`APQDlbW"Di
HCϞpMgϜ=3yGD@D@D@D@D@D@D@D@D@D@D@D@D@D@D@D@D@D@D@D@D@D@D@D@D@D@D@D@D@D@D@D@D@D@D@D@D@D@D@D@D@D@D@D@D@D@D@D@D@D@D@D@D@D@D@D@D@D@D< ^y+W)!?~|yO}UV5h">{رcotYD@D@D@D@D@D@D@D@D@D< !7j(BBﯿ*o#
ثgtҐ3i|" " " " " " " " " "P~!{," " " " " " " " " N@r!OD@D@D@D@D@D@D@D@D@ʏ4cE@D@D@D@D@D@D@D@D@D HC#@\~ճd:iș~4'ќ9s>gسi-9sy֬Y.˦ih" " " " " " " "m!gx3@߾}kԨqSO=O?f6mz 'Uְa3fd4vtҐ͞=}r˭ʿ|nn lĈEf͚=C+W,
3<anݺ5u1Ǐ>-9rM7
jb+.unY]RH{_Na/jꤓN
r>'N(8" " " " " " " " #
9}l[3f>Oiԝ=h~N_^{YguG}s=ӿĨY|XH4lm!CÇ#ZQkvԺK8c9δVN[n孷ޢQLdڵUֱDW_}53![J@YE{ȑƥW]uU&MԢE787?'?5d̪Ԏ:(FQ#q6
V ?3ڎ/Mx뭷5bw
nj6M dtnFF69ȪMn1طo_D֊I c5n8͚5UBLSWDN;1c-
妴 'Oaذac|u7R`Wyi(_ҐY~>tP1|tҵkWd{#';6mrㄩd+_NժU
رc320M]qN*n)QsFԖt<